control, along with much of the monetary wealth of the land, the public debts of the majority of States, their funding depends on the stability and economic moneataria. and then political and social, of almost all major countries, most governments can not do without their loans and, more importantly, their competence technique of monetary policy.
Before analyzing the complex phenomenon of globalism , its historical development to its ideology, one must understand the distinction between MONEY and real wealth. The real wealth consists of goods (food, land, livestock, houses, tools, production facilities) and services (work, services, productive activities), while the money is only a formal representation of wealth. Money is the proper means to claim and obtain services.
History.
The economic factor has always had a vital significance alongside other key factors of history. Of course it is also true that the economic factor was never as decisive in making history as it went past cionque centuries. The Babylonians knew the Banks, the world grerco-Roman minting coins, Caesar went to borrow from the Jewish colony in Rome, but those were times when the effects of power, the sword had more money. Only in the Middle Ages the economy becomes a factor dellla history.
We can distinguish five phases: Phase
- merchant capital (year 1000 - 1800) focused on the figure of the merchant adventurer (merchant seamen who returned with PEEIs holds high-quality goods) and then on the private financial consortia, such as Company of Indies.
- PHASE bank capital - COMMERCIAL (1250 - 1690) focused on the figure of the merchant-banker. Large merchants, to prevent the movement of cash money in risky cargo, began to replace the money and letters of credit or a pledge to operate currency exchanges at home for the exchange of goods that took place abroad, however, were high-risk loans and low-interest, since usury was forbidden by law from the civil and canon: Usury was practiced only by Jewish families, which began to amass fortunes.
- PHASE bank capital (1650-1850) focused on the figure of the banker. Already the merchant banker for a long time he realized that trading money was less risky and more profitable than trading goods. Gave birth to the first forms of credit and investment. It was no longer in the practice of "bank" some families that trade and usury had moderately enriched, only began to speculate on the money itself. Meanwhile, after the Reformation countries where Calvinism had become dominant, first became tolerant and finally agreed to wear. Founded by Calvinist and Jewish families, were born the first of modern banks in Amsterdam.
- PHASE industrial capitalism (1770 - 1890) focused on the role of captain of industry . Following of the first technical inventions, great craftsmen began to use larger equipment and apassare carry out the work to paid labor. Two new classes: the owners and workers.
- PHASE Finance Capital (1850 to date) focused on the role of international banker . From the middle of last century the whole financial world was gradually homogenized in a system of global integration. As a result of mergers, stock purchases, influences of every kind and very often through dynastic marriages, few banks gained control of a large number of medium and small banks, finance companies and insurance companies. Beyond the control of the great credit and money circulation worldwide, the great financiers began to monitor big production. The big industrial capitalists reacted with the creation of large monopolistic structures (trusts), but the combined pressure of big business and the public at the end defeated the industrial monopoly capitalism. Increasingly organized and became instead a monopoly in high finance whose coils ended up sucked into the American economic Priu large groups and then those in Europe. The only resistance was political. While communism triumphed in Russia (funded by the very high finance), in Germany and Italy strongly statist regimes and solidarity-oriented popular suoperavano liberating experience and realized, with direct state intervention in econiomia, control over the financial world, with programs protectionist and autarkic. leaving out of their borders to the financial speculation of the very finanza.era the clash between the big international speculators, and whole peoples will bring Europe and the world at the Second World War ... In contrast even in democratic countries (we are in the period 1925 to 1940) high finance wins quietly. The approval process ebbem the beginning, as the epicenter of the City of London, where some families had long since laid the groundwork economic, ideological and historical epr this operation. For generations, business capital and found a welcome uopmini in the City of London. Anglicans, Calvinists, Jews moved the Swiss and international trraffici. They were, and are rich families and command high finance for some time.
end of this historical overview we analyze the characteristics essential to know some of these bankers and dynasties. First of all, are descended from families who have lived for centuries in handling money and in which, speculative genius and high competence have been concentrating on monetary selected build.
Besides, who inherits an active role in the management of capital usually married an heiress, better still, a cousin or cousin's daughter, a niece if necessary, all to avoid amputation or loss of family assets
Secondly, have the form of anonymity, or, when this is not possible, the softer and impenetrable discretion. At the discretion of the densest ever married secrecy in business: no offer of shares, little advertising, little information in financial statements. After the introduction of modern legislation in the inheritance tax and personal income tax scale, the family assets and the company are sudivisi and hidden behind a myriad of acronyms that often change company name, but are kept strictly in the hands of the own families. Finally, to avoid additional taxes, they disperse the assets in "Foundations", ostensibly for charitable institutions or cultural, normally independent but closely linked to the same banking families.
The laws clearly considers the democratic "foundations" tax-free.
Fourth, are cosmopolitan. In fact, for example, families did not have a Jewish homeland. Depending on the turn of fate, they migravanodal decline towards that country on the rise, to stand where only the pulsing heart of the global power of the moment, without macare Crerar of a network of branches, handled by collateral branches of the family, in all other major countries. so these families feared they would not collapse nor known failures linked to the fortunes of different countries.
Fifthly, they directly control the administration of their financial empires. Using tens of thousands of first-rate paintings Opper, but continue to train, strertto fist in the whole confrerollo and singholi details.
Sixthly have realized that the power of money is directly proportional to the weakness of the sword, the more uncertain and influence and political power, the more free and riglogliosa is the growth of their power. The politicians are too weak and too subject to temporary popular pressures to be reliable in the control of the monetary system. But not all political systems are too weak and subject to pressoli popular, and those who provide these "guarantees" are the only democratic regimes, hence the historic choice made by the seventeenth century onwards in favor of philosophies, and movements of thought poplitico -revolutionaries who went in the direction of democracy.
was a long battle that saw the families of magnates amazing foresight in designing strategies to support and subsidize some of the forces that the spontaneous dialectic of history has in place, collapsing or going into poverty the forces opposed to their plans. The goal was and is simple: to believe the people that democracy is inevitable, indeed desirable .
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